Inter Collegas

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2024-03-11T15:47:11+02:00

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2024-03-11T15:54:20+02:00

The impact of body mass index and age of women on development of eating disorders

2024-03-11T15:59:52+02:00

Background. Obesity and overweight cause more than 1.3 million deaths each year, but even this figure may be an underestimate. According to the Global Nutrition Report, in 2021, 61.4% of men and 55.5% of women in Ukraine faced this problem. 90.0% of obesity cases are the result of lifestyle, eating disorders and physical activity.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influx of indicators of the body mass index and age of women on the development of disordered eating behavior.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 240 female patients divided into 4 groups depending on the BMI: group 1 included 60 women with underweight, with Body Mass Index (BMI) average (18.0±0.75) kg/m²; group 2 – 60 overweight women with BMI average (27.5±0.98) kg/m², group 3 – 60 obese women with BMI average (32.2±1.21) kg/m². Of the women of group 3, 40 had gynoid type obesity, 20 – abdominal type obesity. The control group consisted of 60 women with average BMI (23.5±1.11) kg/m². The age of the patients ranged from 18 years to 75, average age was (46.5±1.41) years. During the investigation, a variety of psychometric tests were used (Eating Attitudes Tests, Body Attitudes Test and Eating Disorder Examination Interview).

Results and Conclusions. In women of group 1 bulimia nervosa was recorded 8 times (p<0.05) more often, and anorexia nervosa 2.7 times (p<0.05) more often than in the control group. In patients of group 2, compulsive overeating was recorded 5 times (p<0.05) more often, and in group 3 – 18 times (p<0.05) more often than in the control group. Strong correlation was established between the young age (18–30 years) and bulimia nervosa (r=0.7, p=0.02), atypical bulimia nervosa (r=0.8, p=0.001), anorexia nervosa (r=0.76, p=0.003) and atypical anorexia nervosa (r=0.87, p=0.004).

Keywords: obesity, overweight, compulsive overeating, food behavior disorders.

Plasminogen application improves plastic closure of wound defects in patients with chronic diabetic wounds

2024-03-11T16:04:09+02:00

Background. Chronic diabetic foot ulcers and wounds are significant complications associated with diabetes, comprising approximately 85% of purulent-necrotic lesions affecting the lower extremities. The development of these wounds is influenced by pathogenetic factors such as hyperglycemia, neuropathy, and existing infections, which contribute to metabolic disturbances, including tissue hypoxia and the activation of proteolytic enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Aim. To explore the therapeutic potential of autologous plasminogen in facilitating the healing process of diabetic wounds through the modulation of MMP activity.

Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 45 patients diagnosed with chronic diabetic wounds, who were assigned to two distinct groups. The control group (n=25) received conventional treatment approaches, while the intervention group consisted of 20 patients treated with autologous plasminogen applications.

Results. After 18 days of treatment, a substantial reduction of 3.5-fold in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was observed within the intervention group, accompanied by complete wound closure in 16 patients. Additionally, four patients underwent autodermoplasty, successfully achieving wound defect closure through effective graft integration. In contrast, the control group exhibited consistently elevated MMP activity levels throughout the entire observation period.

Conclusions. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chronic diabetic wounds reaches dramatic levels, making spontaneous wound healing impossible. The application of autologous Pg allows modulation of this activity and creates favorable conditions for wound healing by reducing excessive MMP activity, improving blood supply, and resolving inflammatory processes.

Keywords: chronic wounds, diabetes mellitus, matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen, autodermoplasty.

International programs to provide school-age children with nutrition

2024-03-11T16:12:09+02:00

A short scientific report is devoted to the global experience of organizing meals for schoolchildren. The main priorities in the formation of rations and the form of organization of supply have been determined. Children's nutrition is the most important component of the formation of a child's health, it contributes to the preservation of health, resistance to physical factors of the environment, high physical and mental capacity. Before the COVID-19 crisis, at least one in every two primary school students received daily school meals in 161 countries (equivalent to 388 million children). For millions of vulnerable children in poor countries around the world, free school meals are a vital component of their daily diet. A balanced school meal program is the key to optimizing the nutrition of the entire population of the country. School feeding programs play an important political role and are increasingly implemented by governments as a priority in national development strategies. Over the past decade, low-income countries have significantly increased their financial and policy efforts for school feeding, resulting in an increase in the number of school children receiving school meals. While school feeding programs in high- and middle-income countries are largely financed through domestic resources such as taxes and other sources, programs in low-income countries rely heavily on international donor support. According to the leading domestic hygienists, despite the ongoing conflict, one of the important priorities of our country is the continuation of the reform of school nutrition in order to bring it into line with international quality standards. Adhering to the basic principles of a complete and rational diet, you can achieve success even in conditions of limited resources.

Keywords: hygiene of children and adolescents, children's health, world experience in the organization of schoolchildren's meals, preventive medicine.

Mechanisms of formation and classification of secondary immunodeficiency states in uveitis

2024-03-11T16:10:53+02:00

Background. The role of immunological disorders in the pathogenesis of uveitis has been proven by numerous studies. However, there are different views on the timing and methods of immunocorrection. In our opinion, this issue should be solved on the basis of determining the mechanisms of the formation of immunodeficiency states in uveitis.

The purpose of this work was to develop a classification of secondary immunodeficiency states in uveitis according to the mechanism of formation.

Materials and Methods. The paper presents the results of the examination of 370 patients with uveitis (416 eyes; 179 were men, 191 were women, aged from 16 to 87 years; the duration of the disease ranged from 1 month to 32 years) who were treated in Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital, were under dispensary supervision at Kharkiv Regional Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary and Kharkiv Regional Dispensary for Radiation Protection of the Population, or were examined, consulted and treated on an outpatient basis. The observation period was up to five years.

Results. Based on the study of immunological changes in patients with uveitis, the dynamics of immunological disorders in relapses of the inflammatory process in the uveal tract, clinical and immunological features of various forms of uveitis, and the results of correction of immunological disorders in patients with uveitis, a classification of secondary immunodeficiency states in uveitis according to the mechanism of their formation was proposed. On its basis, the principles of correction of immunodeficiency states in patients with uveitis were developed.

Keywords: infectious uveitis, noninfectious uveitis, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, correction principles, immunological disorders.

Influence of tension and deformation indicators on the quality of removable constructions acrylic basis

2024-03-11T16:15:14+02:00

Background. The question of distribution of masticatory pressure is one of the main branches in qualitive manufacturing of removable constructions. With the development of software, as well as with the increase in the power of computer technology has also spread to the problems of biomechanics, in particular the biomechanics of the human oral cavity.

The aim of our study was to analyze the results of using the method of finite element techniques with the purpose to improve the quality of prosthetic treatment by correct modeling constructional denture elements.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 45 patients aged 44–73 years (mean age 59.2±4.3) treated with complete laminar prosthetic constructions for the upper jaw and lower jaw. A powerful method was developed to solve the problems of the theory of elasticity – the finite element method. The main idea is that the body under the study is divided into a finite number of subdomains or elements on which the desired continuous function is approximated by a polynomial (consists of piecewise continuous functions). A two-dimensional quadrangular element with four nodes was chosen as the partition element. Dividing it into elements and further solving the problem was in the ANSYS Mechanical APDL package (USA).

Results. Regarding the calibration of the ultimate displacements of nodal points and as a result of the distribution of masticatory pressure under the basis of a complete removable dentures on the tissues of the prosthetic area, the average values of each plane were as follows: for section PM₁ – the plane with high pressure was ([675298.14±5.21] m²K). Taking the PM₂ region, the values were slightly higher ([369743.3±3.9] m²K) and ([735356.34±4.52] m²K), respectively.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest direct relationship between the using of mathematical calculation of material volume, volume deformation, potential data and elasticity theory as auxiliary element in the manufacture of removable dentures and, as a result, direct influence on level of quality of following constructions.

Keywords: orthopedic treatment, finite element method, complete removable dentures, deformation and tension theories.

Hard tissue density of permanent teeth as a radiometric biomarker of their quality

2024-03-11T16:18:54+02:00

Background. The use of radiographic methods for examining patients with the ability to determine the density of examined tissues opens up wide opportunities for individually predicting damage to hard tissues of teeth, as well as determining risk groups for the development of their pathology at early stages, which requires a detailed study of the mineral density indicators of hard tissues of teeth of different groups within the norm, taking into account their age, sex, ethnic, and other characteristics.

The aim of the study was to determine the density indicators of hard tissues of permanent teeth of different groups in the cervical area and compare them.

Material and Methods. The density of hard tissues was determined by analyzing radiographs of 320 intact permanent teeth of 10 patients. Radiographs were made using a Siemens Sirona (XIOS XG Supreme, Germany) dental radiography unit with Trophy Radiologie software (version 7.0, Slovakia). The images were processed using Gendex VixWin Pro software (version 3.5, USA). The density was measured in Conditional Unit of Grayness (CUG). The results were presented as Me (25%; 75%), where Me represents the median, 25% denotes the 25^th percentile (first quartile), and 75% denotes the 75^th percentile (third quartile).

Results. Incisors, canines, and premolars exhibited the highest density in the dentin area; the lowest density was observed in incisors and premolars for cementum and in canines for enamel. In molars, enamel had the highest density, while cementum had the lowest. Significant differences in enamel density were observed among incisors and premolars, incisors and molars, canines and premolars, canines and molars, and premolars and molars. Significant differences in dentin density were found among incisors and canines, incisors and premolars, incisors and molars, canines and premolars, and canines and molars. Significant differences in cementum density were observed among incisors and canines, incisors and premolars, incisors and molars, canines and premolars, and premolars and molars.

Conclusion. The density indicators of enamel, dentin, and cementum established for groups of permanent incisors, canines, premolars, and molars are different for different tooth groups with characteristic density patterns.

Keywords: enamel, dentin, cementum, incisors, canines, premolars, molars.

Neuroprotective mechanisms of physical activity

2024-03-11T17:30:03+02:00

It is known that the adaptive capabilities of the brain are not unlimited and deteriorate over time. It is a proven fact that aging is one of the main risk factors for the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, mainly due to poorer immune protection and recovery of the body. Therefore, scientists have recently been paying attention to the search for additional methods of management of neurodegenerative pathologies for their more effective prevention. Among the identified methods, special attention is paid to physical activity, the results of which investigation indicate a powerful neuroprotective effect, however, the mechanisms of this phenomenon have not yet been conclusively proven. Therefore, in this systematic review, the main neuroprotective mechanisms of exercise were described and demonstrated using the methods of analysis and systematization of literature sources from PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. As a result of the study, it was established that a significant protective effect on the nervous system is achieved thanks to neuroendocrine regulation due to the influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Another factor is the development of stress due to physical exertion, although the mechanisms of this phenomenon are still a subject of debate among scientists. However, it was proved that the consequence of such influence is the optimization of the work of neurotransmitters, in particular, in the locus coeruleus, as well as the activation of the antioxidant system, which allows to disrupt the number of free radicals in the brain structures. Relatively new is the role of moderate-intensity exercise in increasing the expression of neurotrophins – key factors of neuroplasticity, in particular BDNF, IGF-1, NGF and VEGF, which expands the possibilities of potential effects on the brain and its neuroprotective properties. The obtained results allow the use of physical activity as an additional therapy in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative pathologies, however, further practical research is needed to find a specific algorithm and schedule of classes with high application efficiency.

Keywords: physical activity, neurotrophins, neuroprotection, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, antioxidants.

The use of psychological and psychiatric methods in determining valeological competence formation in non-medical students of Ukraine

2024-03-11T18:18:14+02:00

Background. Valeological competence is the ability to lead a healthy lifestyle. Teaching the basics of a healthy lifestyle in higher education institutions of Ukraine is regulated by higher education standards. Valeological competence is formed in non-medical students during the teaching of valeological disciplines. At the Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy (Kharkiv) such a valeological discipline is "Health Pedagogy", at the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (Kharkiv) and at the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine (Kharkiv) – "Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge and Health-Saving". Confidential questionnaires are used to assess the success of the formation of the motivational-value and personal components of valeological competence, the list of questions of which allows studying the behavior patterns of non-medical students.

Aim. To establish the conformity of the questions of the questionnaires, which are used to study the formation of the motivational-value and personal components of the valeological competence in non-medical students, to the existing psychological and psychiatric methods.

Materials and Methods. The bibliosemantic method and the system analysis method were used in the study.

Results. Correspondence was established between the questions used to assess the success of the formation of the motivational, value and personal components of valeological competence, with the questions of such psychological and psychiatric methods questionnaires by Rogers K. and Diamond R. (social-psychological adaptation), Boyko V.V. (level of emotional burnout), Burtyanskyi D.L. and Krystal V.V. (levels of socio-pedagogical and sexual-behavioral adaptation of a married couple or sexual partners), Navran L. (satisfaction with married life or life with a sexual partner) and the CAGE-AID screening test for alcohol and/or drug addiction.

Conclusions. The questions of the questionnaires used for assess the success of the formation of the motivational-value and personal components of valeological competence in non-medical students, correspond to existing psychological and psychiatric methods, the modification of which to the needs of assessing the formation of the components of valeological competence requires further research.

Keywords: qualitative factor-criterion model, health-saving, valeological education.

Peculiarities of profiling and problems of teaching biological and bioorganic chemistry for students studying under the educational and professional program "Pediatrics"

2024-03-11T18:21:56+02:00

Background. The methodical article covers to problematic issues of higher education in general, and medical education in particular, as well as specialized teaching of biological and bioorganic chemistry in medical institutions of higher education, for students studying in the specialty "Pediatrics" and the importance of mastering the relevant skills and abilities taking into account the chosen specialization in the field of medicine.

The aim of the study was to analyze, systematize and develop general approaches to the further improvement of specialized educational materials in biological and bioorganic chemistry for level 2 (master’s degree) students majoring in specialty 228 "Pediatrics".

Materials and Methods. General scientific research methods, namely analysis and synthesis were used. Scientific literature, educational programs and normative documents of higher medical education were investigated. Bibliosemantic method and system analysis method were used.

Results. The issues of professional competence formation of future doctors studying under the educational and professional program (EPP) "Pediatrics" were considered, taking into account the age characteristics of metabolic processes and regulation of biochemical processes. The problems and relevance of the level of formation of the professional competence of teachers of medical institutions of higher education and its development in our time, taking into account the socio-economic and political situation and the ongoing russian aggression, were discussed. The effectiveness of the profiling process largely depends on the creation of optimal methods of learning, which include the preparation of profiled EPPs, work programs of educational disciplines and syllabuses created on their basis. Owing to the study of issues of age-related biochemistry, peculiarities of biochemical processes in childhood, students’ motivation to learn the educational material increases and a stable interest in the chosen profession is formed.

Conclusions. One of the tasks for the integration of the higher school into the European educational space is to increase the level of competence of pediatricians studying by EPP "Pediatrics" from the point of view of the teaching staff’s mastery of innovative teaching methods and readiness for their implementation in the pedagogical process due to profiling of various sciences for their more thorough study.

Keywords: specialized teaching, age biochemistry, pediatrics, quality of medical education.