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Abstract
The article presents modern approaches about the diagnosis of brain damage and the development of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurodegenerative changes are considered, which take place in the early stages of the disease and play an important role in the formation of irreversible neurological deficits. Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is quite common, but they are not always noticed, but they significantly reduce patients' quality of life. The article describes the possibilities of neuroimaging methods to identify structural changes in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive functions. The importance of brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a promising biomarker of multiple sclerosis is presented. Further study of BDNF remains interesting, which will allow to develop algorithms for early diagnosis and prediction of disease progression, that will provide an opportunity to deepen the understanding of the place of BDNF in the pathomorphological chain of nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis.
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