Keywords
diabetes mellitus
depression
anxiety disorders
phobic disorders
How to Cite
Abstract
In press
Background. Diabetes cases in Ukraine rose from 490,000 in 2022 to 731,000 in 2025, with high rates of anxiety (40%) and depression (35%) among patients, worsening prognosis and quality of life.
Aim. To investigate the levels of anxiety and depressive disorders in displaced Ukrainians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), comparing the differences between compensated and subcompensated patients.
Materials and Methods. Sixty-four displaced Ukrainians with T2DM were examined. Group 1 consisted of 54 patients with T2DM of moderate severity and subcompensation stage with neurological symptoms. The average HbA1c was [7.3±2.1] %, and the duration of T2DM was [9.89±0.56] years. The control group included 10 patients with T2DM of mild severity in the compensation stage, without neurological complaints. The average HbA1c was [6.5±2.1] %, and the duration of the disease was [7.89±0.26] years. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the statistical software package SPSS 10.0 (IBM, USA). Comparison of variables was performed using nonparametric statistical methods: the Mann-Whitney U-test for two independent samples and the Pearson χ2 criterion for dependent samples. The results were considered reliable at p<0.05. The research was conducted as a private initiative of the authors, did not receive funding from grant programs, and the research topic was not officially registered in the state register of research topics.
Research Ethics. This study was conducted in accordance with the fundamental bioethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (1964–2024), as well as subsequent updates and additions, including the General Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005) and the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (1997).
Results. In group 1, the level of anxiety was 2.8 times higher than in the control group (13.0 [7.0; 17.0] vs. 4.5 [4.0; 6.0], p<0.001); the level of depression was 4 times higher than in the control group (12.0 [5.0; 16.0] vs. 3.0 [2.0; 4.0], p<0.001). According to both scales (HADS, BDI), patients in the control group did not have a depressive state, while in patients in group 1, mild (subclinical) depression was detected in 24.1%, moderate depression in 33.3%, and very severe depression in 1 patient.
Conclusions. The absence of subclinical/clinical depression in patients in the control group may indicate that anxiety disorders precede the development of depression and require timely correction by clinicians to prevent their further transformation into depression.
Keywords: therapy, diabetes mellitus, depression, anxiety disorders, phobic disorders.
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