Keywords
phosphatidylserine
flow cytometry
Annexin
erythrocytes
How to Cite
Abstract
Background. Obesity is considered to be a risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), which is characterised by hyperglycaemia in pregnant women. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycated erythrocytes are more prone to eryptosis, a unique regulated cell death observed only in mature erythrocytes.
The aim of the current study was to analyse how eryptosis might contribute to GSM in maternal obesity.
Materials & Methods. Eryptosis parameters were assessed in pregnant women enrolled for the study: group 1 consisted of 12 obese pregnant women without the signs of GDM, 15 pregnant women without obesity but with GDM were included in group 2, 14 obese pregnant women with GDM were in group 3, group 4 (control) consisted of 15 pregnant women without the signs of obstetric and extragenital pathology. Phosphatidylserine externalisation was assessed by flow cytometry following Annexin V-FITC staining of circulating erythrocytes isolated from the pregnant women. Additionally, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining was used to analyse oxidative stress parameters in circulating erythrocytes.
Results. Groups 1, 2 and 3 of pregnant women showed a higher degree of ROS-dependent eryptosis compared to the control group (IV). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the eryptosis of circulating erythrocytes between pregnant women of groups 1 and 2. However, the percentage of phosphatidylserine-dispersed erythrocytes in eryptosis and the level of ROS was statistically significantly higher in pregnant women of group 3 compared to pregnant women of groups 1 and 2.
Conclusions. GSM associated with maternal obesity is accompanied by accelerated ROS-dependent eryptosis. Enhanced eryptosis might act as an additional factor contributing to thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction in obese pregnant women with GDM.
Keywords: pregnancy, phosphatidylserine, flow cytometry, Annexin, erythrocytes.
Archived: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14423811
References
Quintanilla Rodriguez BS, Vadakekut ES, Mahdy H. Gestational Diabetes. 2024 Jul 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 31424780.
Plows JF, Stanley JL, Baker PN, Reynolds CM, Vickers MH. The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3342. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113342. PMID: 30373146.
Quotah OF, Nishku G, Hunt J, Seed PT, Gill C, Brockbank A, et al. Prevention of gestational diabetes in pregnant women with obesity: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022;8(1):70. DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01021-3. PMID: 35337389.
Tkachenko A. Apoptosis and eryptosis: similarities and differences. Apoptosis. 2024;29(3-4):482-502. DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01915-4. PMID: 38036865.
Calderon-Salinas JV, Munoz-Reyes EG, Guerrero-Romero JF, Rodriguez-Moran M, Bracho-Riquelme RL, Carrera-Gracia MA, et al. Erythropoiesis and oxidative damage in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011;357(1-2):171-9. DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0887-1. PMID: 21625956.
Turpin C, Catan A, Guerin-Dubourg A, Debussche X, Bravo SB, Alvarez E, et al. Enhanced oxidative stress and damage in glycated erythrocytes. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0235335. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235335. PMID: 32628695.
Tkachenko A, Onishchenko A. Casein kinase 1α mediates eryptosis: a review. Apoptosis. 2023;28(1-2):1-19. DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01776-3. PMID: 36308624.
Restivo I, Attanzio A, Giardina IC, Di Gaudio F, Tesoriere L, Allegra M. Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces p38 MAPK-Initiated, Fas-Mediated Eruptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):14730. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314730. PMID: 36499060.
Valero P, Cornejo M, Fuentes G, Wehinger S, Toledo F, van der Beek EM, et al. Platelets and endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2023;237(4):e13940. DOI: 10.1111/apha.13940. PMID: 36700365.
Ewendt F, Schmitt M, Kluttig A, Kuhn J, Hirche F, Kraus FB, et al. Association between vitamin D status and eryptosis-results from the German National Cohort Study. Ann Hematol. 2023;102(6):1351-61. DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05239-w. PMID: 37121914.
Prokopiuk V, Onishchenko A, Tryfonyuk L, Posokhov Y, Gorbach T, Kot Y, et al. Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenans Enhance Eruptosis and Alter Lipid Order of Cell Membranes in Erythrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2024;82(2):747-66. DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01225-9. PMID: 38334853.
Onishchenko AI, Prokopiuk VY, Chumachenko VA, Virych PA, Tryfonyuk LY, Kutsevol NV, et al. Hemocompatibility of dextran-graft-polyacrylamide/zinc oxide nanosystems: hemolysis or eryptosis? Nanotechnology. 2023;35(3). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad02a3. PMID: 37827140.
Alghareeb SA, Alfhili MA, Fatima S. Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Significance of Eryptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5079. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065079. PMID: 36982153.
Restivo I, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Allegra M. Suicidal Erythrocyte Death in Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(2):154. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020154. PMID: 33494379.
Yogev Y, Visser GH. Obesity, gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;14(2):77-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2008.09.002. PMID: 18926784.
Lan Q, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Qi L, Dong Y, Zhou H, et al. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Steroids. 2022;184:108993. DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108993. PMID: 35219717.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.