Keywords
dietary fiber
inflammatory intestinal diseases
How to Cite
Abstract
In press
Background. Nutrition is the science of food, nutrients, their effects, interactions, and balance in the context of human health and disease. Nutraceuticals provide the body with energy substrates, which are converted in the body’s cells into important metabolites used in physiological and biochemical processes. Diet plays an important role in shaping the qualitative and quantitative composition of the human gut microbiome.
Aim. To analyze the interaction between diet and the gut microbiome, and to investigate the role of specific nutrients in the development and progression of chronic intestinal diseases.
Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using the bibliosemantic method and system analysis. For analysis, the sources of 2012–2026 were selected. from scientometric databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The study was carried out as a private initiative of the authors without grant support and state registration of the topic.
Research Ethics. For the analysis, only those sources were selected, the authors of which adhered to modern bioethical norms when performing their research.
Results. Fermentation of dietary fiber by the colonic gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids, which provide [60–70]% of the energy needs of colonocytes, maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and modulate cell proliferation. Polysaccharide deficiency leads to destruction of the mucus layer, erosions, and "leaky gut" syndrome. High consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes and potatoes reduces the risk of Crohn's disease (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) = 0.44) but does not affect ulcerative colitis; excessive potato consumption increases the risk of ulcerative colitis (aHR=1.51). Insoluble dietary fiber may provoke abdominal pain, diarrhea and flatulence, whereas soluble fiber stimulates Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacteria sp. Legumes, in particular Phaseolus vulgaris Navy bean, due to their content of lysine, iron, phosphatidylserine, apigenin and coumaric acid, reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence.
Conclusions. The interaction between diet and the microbiome through fermentation of dietary fiber is a key mechanism for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Different dietary components have a differentiated effect on the risk and course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Unbalanced nutrition causes dysbiosis, increased intestinal barrier permeability and chronic inflammation, which justifies the need for personalized dietary approaches.
Keywords: nutrition, dietary fiber, inflammatory intestinal diseases.
References
Volkert D, Delzenne N, Demirkan K, Schneider S, Abbasoglu O, Bahat G, et al. Nutrition for the older adult – Current concepts. Report from an ESPEN symposium. Clin Nutr. 2024;43(8):1815-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.020. PMID: 38970937.
Lyons CL, Roche HM. Nutritional Modulation of AMPK-Impact upon Metabolic-Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(10):3092. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103092. PMID: 30304866.
Liu D, Aziz NA, Pehlivan G, Breteler MMB. Cardiovascular correlates of epigenetic aging across the adult lifespan: a population-based study. Geroscience. 2023;45(3):1605-18. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00714-0. PMID: 36752898.
Nyúl-Tóth Á, Patai R, Csiszar A, Ungvari A, Gulej R, Mukli P, et al. Linking peripheral atherosclerosis to blood-brain barrier disruption: elucidating its role as a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease in vascular cognitive impairment. Geroscience. 2024;46(6):6511-36. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01194-0. PMID: 38831182.
Wikström Shemer D, Mostafaei S, Tang B, Pedersen NL, Karlsson IK, Fall T, Hägg S. Associations between epigenetic aging and diabetes mellitus in a Swedish longitudinal study. Geroscience. 2024;46(5):5003-14. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01252-7. PMID: 38937415.
Cao X, Wang M, Zhou M, Mi Y, Fazekas-Pongor V, Major D, et al. Trends in prevalence, mortality, and risk factors of dementia among the oldest-old adults in the United States: the role of the obesity epidemic. Geroscience. 2024;46(5):4761-78. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01180-6. PMID: 38696055.
Ungvari Z, Fekete M, Varga P, Lehoczki A, Fekete JT, Ungvari A, Győrffy B. Overweight and obesity significantly increase colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 66 studies revealing a 25–57% elevation in risk. Geroscience. 2025;47(3):3343-64. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01375-x. PMID: 39379738.
Palliyaguru DL, Rudderow AL, Sossong AM, Lewis KN, Younts C, Pearson KJ, et al. Perinatal diet influences health and survival in a mouse model of leukemia. Geroscience. 2020;42(4):1147-55. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00199-9. PMID: 32394346.
Marcozzi S, Bigossi G, Giuliani ME, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Cardelli M, et al. Cellular senescence and frailty: a comprehensive insight into the causal links. Geroscience. 2023;45(6):3267-305. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00960-w. PMID: 37792158.
Liu W, Wang J, Wang M, Hou H, Ding X, Ma L, Liu M. Oxidative Stress Factors Mediate the Association Between Life's Essential 8 and Accelerated Phenotypic Aging: NHANES 2005–2018. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024;79(1):glad240. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad240. PMID: 37813096.
Lopez FV, O'Shea A, Huo Z, DeKosky ST, Trouard TP, Alexander GE, et al. Neurocognitive correlates of cerebral mitochondrial function and energy metabolism using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in older adults. Geroscience. 2025;47(2):2223-34. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01403-w. PMID: 39477865.
Stankovics L, Ungvari A, Fekete M, Nyul-Toth A, Mukli P, Patai R, et al. The vasoprotective role of IGF-1 signaling in the cerebral microcirculation: prevention of cerebral microhemorrhages in aging. Geroscience. 2025;47(1):445-55. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01343-5. PMID: 39271571.
Blanchard T, Eppe J, Mugnier A, Delfour F, Meynadier A. Enhancing cognitive functions in aged dogs and cats: a systematic review of enriched diets and nutraceuticals. Geroscience. 2025;47(3):2925-47. DOI: 10.1007/s11357-025-01521-z. PMID: 39827310.
Collier R. The DNA-based diet. CMAJ. 2017;189(1):E40-1. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.109-5352. PMID: 27873755.
Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, et al.Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222-7. DOI: 10.1038/nature11053. PMID: 22699611.
Rivera-Pinto J, Egozcue JJ, Pawlowsky-Glahn V, Paredes R, Noguera-Julian M, Calle ML. Balances: a New Perspective for Microbiome Analysis. mSystems. 2018;3(4):e00053-18. DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00053-18. PMID: 30035234.
Zeng Q, Dong SY, Wu LX, Li H, Sun ZJ, Li JB, et al. Variable food-specific IgG antibody levels in healthy and symptomatic Chinese adults. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53612. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053612. PMID: 23301096.
Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Circulation. 2016;133(2):187-225. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585. PMID: 26746178.
Wastyk HC, Fragiadakis GK, Perelman D, Dahan D, Merrill BD, Yu FB, et al. Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. Cell. 2021;184(16):4137-53.e14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.019. PMID: 34256014.
Deehan EC, Yang C, Perez-Muñoz ME, Nguyen NK, Cheng CC, Triador L, et al. Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;27(3):389-404.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.006. PMID: 32004499.
Sugihara K, Kamada N. Diet-Microbiota Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1533. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051533. PMID: 34062869.
Fekete M, Lehoczki A, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Zábó V, Varga JT, Bálint M, et al. Functional Foods in Modern Nutrition Science: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Public Health Implications. Nutrients. 2025;17(13):2153. DOI: 10.3390/nu17132153. PMID: 40647258.
Staley C, Weingarden AR, Khoruts A, Sadowsky MJ. Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;101(1):47-64. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8006-6. PMID: 27888332.
Gerbe F, Legraverend C, Jay P. The intestinal epithelium tuft cells: specification and function. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012;69(17):2907-17. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0984-7. PMID: 22527717.
Qiu P, Ishimoto T, Fu L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:733992. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.733992. PMID: 35273921.
Kai Y, Intestinal villus structure contributes to even shedding of epithelial cells. Biophys. J. 2021;120:699-710. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.003. PMID: 33453270.
Pelaseyed T, Bergström JH, Gustafsson JK, Ermund A, Birchenough GM, Schütte A, et al. The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system. Immunol Rev. 2014;260(1):8-20. DOI: 10.1111/imr.12182. PMID: 24942678.
Postler TS, Ghosh S. Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System. Cell Metab. 2017;26(1):110-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.008. PMID: 28625867.
Desai MS, Seekatz AM, Koropatkin NM, Kamada N, Hickey CA, Wolter M, et al. A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility. Cell. 2016;167(5):1339-53.e21. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043. PMID: 27863247.
Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:598. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598. PMID: 28588585.
Okada T, Fukuda S, Hase K, Nishiumi S, Izumi Y, Yoshida M, et al. Microbiota-derived lactate accelerates colon epithelial cell turnover in starvation-refed mice. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1654. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2668. PMID: 23552069.
Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Bäckhed F. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites. Cell. 2016;165(6):1332-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.041. PMID: 27259147.
Marchix J, Goddard G, Helmrath MA. Host-Gut Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Adaptation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;6(2):149-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.024. PMID: 30023411.
Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K. Interaction Between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:23-48. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104. PMID: 32340570.
Gill SK, Rossi M, Bajka B, Whelan K. Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(2):101-16. DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00375-4. PMID: 33208922.
Mathers JC. Dietary fibre and health: the story so far. Proc Nutr Soc. 2023;82(2):120-9. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665123002215. PMID: 36786062.
Wang DD, Li Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Rosner BA, Sun Q, Giovannucci EL, et al. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality: Results From 2 Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women and a Meta-Analysis of 26 Cohort Studies. Circulation. 2021;143(17):1642-54. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048996. PMID: 33641343.
Okawa Y, A Discussion of Whether Various Lifestyle Changes can Alleviate the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Healthcare. 2022;10:2011. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102011. PMID: 36292457.
Meyer A, Carbonnel F, Dahm CC, Halkjær J, Tjønneland A, Schulze MB, et al. Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Potatoes and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2026;121(3):733-44. DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000003602. PMID: 40553119.
Nagarajan N, Morden A, Bischof D, King EA, Kosztowski M, Wick EC, Stein EM. The role of fiber supplementation in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(9):1002-10. DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000425. PMID: 26148247.
Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Ziani K, Mititelu M, Oprea E, Neacșu SM, Moroșan E, et al. Therapeutic Benefits and Dietary Restrictions of Fiber Intake: A State of the Art Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(13):2641. DOI: 10.3390/nu14132641. PMID: 35807822.
Böhn L, Störsrud S, Törnblom H, Bengtsson U, Simrén M. Self-reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS are common and associated with more severe symptoms and reduced quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):634-41. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.105. PMID: 23644955.
El-Salhy M, Gundersen D. Diet in irritable bowel syndrome. Nutr J. 2015;14:36. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0022-3. PMID: 25880820.
Nabi A, Lateef I, Nisa Q, Banoo A, Rasool RS, Shah MD, et al. Phaseolus vulgaris-Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Pathosystem in the Post-Genomic Era: An Update. Curr Microbiol. 2022;79(2):36. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02711-6. PMID: 34982236.
Monk JM, Wu W, Lepp D, Pauls KP, Robinson LE, Power KA. Navy Bean Supplementation in Established High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Attenuates the Severity of the Obese Inflammatory Phenotype. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):757. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030757. PMID: 33652785.
Vieira NM, Peghinelli VV, Monte MG, Costa NA, Pereira AG, Seki MM, et al. Beans comsumption can contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023;54:73-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.007. PMID: 36963901.
Zhang X, Irajizad E, Hoffman KL, Fahrmann JF, Li F, Seo YD, et al. Modulating a prebiotic food source influences inflammation and immune-regulating gut microbes and metabolites: insights from the BE GONE trial. EBioMedicine. 2023;98:104873. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104873. PMID: 38040541.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.