Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The review is devoted to the problem of diagnosing one of the most common pathologies of the modern world – non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Data from experimental and clinical studies on the importance of various instrumental and biochemical methods of non-invasive diagnosis ofnon-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis (LF) are presented. New non-invasive diagnostic methods of NASH and LF are considered.
References
Cobbina E., Akhlaghi F. (2017). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - pathogenesis, classification, and effect on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Drug Metab Rev. 2017 May; 49(2):197-211. doi: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1293683.
Asrani S.K, Devarbhavi H., Eaton J., et al. (2019). Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 2019 Jan;70(1):151-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.014.
Papatheodoridi M., Cholongitas E. (2018). Diagnosis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Current Concepts. Curr Pharm Des. 2018; 24(38):4574-4586. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190117102111.
Younossi Z., Anstee Q.M., Marietti M., et al. (2018). Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jan;15(1):11-20. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109.
Sanyal A.J., Brunt E.M., Kleiner D.E., et al. (2011). Endpoints and clinical trial design for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2011 Jul; 54(1):344-53.doi: 10.1002/hep.24376.
Bravo A.A., Sheth S.G., Chopra S.N. (2001). Liver biopsy. Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 15; 344(7):495-500.doi: 10.1056/NEJM200102153440706.
Rockey D.C., Caldwell S.H., Goodman Z.D., et al. (2009). Liver biopsy. Hepatology. 2009; 49:1017–1044.doi: 10.1002/hep.22742.
West J., Timothy R.C. (2010). Reduced Mortality Rates Following Elective Percutaneous Liver Biopsies Gastroenterology, 2010. Volume 139, Issue 4, 1230 – 1237. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.015.
Vernuccio F., Michael D.Rosenberg, Mathias Meyer et al. (2019). Negative Biopsy of Focal Hepatic Lesions: Decision Tree Model for Patient Management. American Journal of Roentgenology 2019 212:3, 677-685.doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.20268.
Zhu J.Z., Hollis-Hansen K., Wan X.Y., et al. (2016). Clinical guidelines of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Sep 28;22(36):8226-33. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8226.
Saadeh S., Younossi Z.M., Remer E.M., et al. (2002). The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:745–750.doi:10.1053/gast.2002.35354.
European Association for the Study of the Liver, and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). "EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Obesity facts 9.2 (2016): 65-90.doi: 10.1159/000443344.
Lee S.S., Park S.H., Kim H.J., et al. (2010). Non-invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis: prospective comparison of the accuracy of imaging examinations. J Hepatol 2010;52:579–85. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.01.008.
Kodama Y., Ng C.S., Wu T.T., et al. (2007). Comparison of CT methods for determining the fat content of the liver. 2007 May; 188(5):1307-12. doi: 10.2214/AJR.06.0992.
Jennison E., Patel J., Scorletti E., et al. (2019). Diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/ Postgraduate Medical Journal 2019;95:314-322. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136316
Longo R., Pollesello P., Ricci C., et al. (1995). Proton MR spectroscopy in quantitative in vivo determination of fat content in human liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 5: 281–5.doi: 10.1002/jmri.1880050311.
Zhong L., Chen J.J., Chen J., Li L., et al. (2009). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: quantitative assessment of liver fat content by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Dig Dis 2009; 10: 315–20.doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2009.00402x.
Chen J., Talwalkar J.A., Yin M., Glaser K.J., et al. (2011). Early detection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by using MR elastography. Radiology. 2011 Jun; 259(3):749-56.doi: 10.1148/radiol.11101942
Sandrin L., Fourquet B., Hasquenoph J.M., et al. (2003). Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003; 29: 17051713.doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2003.07.001.
Newsome P.N., Sasso M., Deeks J.J., et al. (2020). FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Apr;5(4):362-373. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30383-8.
Eddowes P.J., Sasso M., Allison M., Tsochatzis E., et al. (2019). Accuracy of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2019 May;156(6):1717-1730. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.042.
de Lédinghen V., Vergniol J. (2008). Transient elastography (FibroScan). Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2008 Sep; 32(6 Suppl 1):58-67.doi: 10.1016/S0399-8320(08)73994-0.
Pang J.X., Zimmer S. Niu S., Crotty P., et al. (2014). Liver stiffness by transient elastography predicts liver-related complications and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e95776.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095776
Bedogni G., Bellentani S., Miglioli L., Masutti F., et al. (2006). The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006 Nov 2; 6():33.doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-6-33
Kabisch S., Bäther S., Dambeck U., Kemper M., Gerbracht C., Honsek C., Sachno A., Pfeiffer A.F.H. Liver Fat Scores Moderately Reflect Interventional Changes in Liver Fat Content by a Low-Fat Diet but Not by a Low-Carb Diet. Nutrients. 2018 Jan 31;10(2):157.doi:10.3390/nu10020157.
Jun H.K., Jin S.M., Seok J. B. et al. (2020). Fatty liver index and development of cardiovascular disease in Koreans without pre-existing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke: a large population-based study, Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2020 May 2;19(1):51. doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01025-4.
Lee J.H., Kim D., Kim H.J., Lee C.H., et al. (2020). Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Jul; 42(7):503-8.doi:10.1016/j.dld.2009.08.002
Karmen A., Wroblewski F., Ladue J.S. (1995). Transaminase activity in human blood. J Clin Invest. 1955 Jan;34(1):126-31. doi: 10.1172/JCI103055.
Kwo P.Y., Cohen S.M., Lim J.K. (2017). ACG Clinical Guideline: Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Chemistries. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;112(1):18-35.doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.517.
Oh M.K., Winn J., Poordad F. (2008). Review article: diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Sep 1;28(5):503-22.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03752.
Vroon DH, Israili Z. (1990). Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyltransferase. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 100. PMID: 21250047.
Dufour D.R., Lott J.A., Nolte F.S. et al. (2020). Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. II. Recommendations for use of laboratory tests in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. Clin Chem 2000;46:2050–2068.doi: 10.1093/clinchem/46.12.2050
Kunutsor S.K., Kieneker L.M., Burgess S., Bakker S.J.L., Dullaart R.P.F. Circulating total bilirubin and future risk of hypertension in the general population: the prevention of renal and vascular end-stage disease (PREVEND) prospective study and a mendelian randomization approach. J Am Heart Assoc. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006503
Chang Y., Ryu S., Zhang Y., et al. (2012). Cohort study of serum bilirubin levels and incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle aged Korean workers, Guallar E PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e37241.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037241
Yang M.H., Sung J., Gwak G.Y. (2016). The associations between apolipoprotein B, A1, and the B/A1 ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in both normal-weight and overweight Korean population. J Clin Lipidol. 2016 Mar-Apr;10(2):289-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.11.017.
Fadaei R., Poustchi H., Meshkani R., et al. (2018). Impaired HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 3;8(1):11691.doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29639-5.
Quaye I.K. (2008). Haptoglobin, inflammation and disease. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 102. 735-42. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.010.doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.010.
Chwist A., Hartleb M., Lekstan A., et al. (2014). A composite model including visfatin, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, hyaluronic acid, and hematological variables for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2014; 124(12):704-12.doi: 10.20452/pamw.2558.
"Inter Collegas" is an open access journal: all articles are published in open access without an embargo period, under the terms of the CC BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution ‒ Noncommercial ‒ Share Alike) license; the content is available to all readers without registration from the moment of its publication. Electronic copies of the archive of journals are placed in the repositories of the KhNMU and V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine.